IMPACTS OF VOLCANOES ON CLIMATE

• EXPLANATION
  • THE FALL OF TEMPERATURE
  • DECREASE OF THE STRATOSPHERIC OZONE LAYER
    
    
• MEASURES OF THE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
  
  
• TYPES OF ERUPTIONS

HISTORICAL ERUPTIONS THAT HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE ON THE CLIMATE

THE SANTORINI :
About 1645 ± 20 BCE in the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey one super volcano the Santorini also named Thera exploded. It would have ejected three times more aerosols in the atmosphere than the Krakatao up to 35 km altitude. The explosion was heard at least over 6000 km and climate was disrupted for ten years in the Middle East. It was 10 times larger than the Mount St. Helens volcano.

This eruption would have created a large tsunami in the Mediterranean with a wave of 60 meters high during the collapse of the caldera of the volcano which is partially embedded, according to researchers, because stones composed of a floating material were found all around at height 60 meters.

The consequences of this eruption on climate, and the tsunami ... could even explain some astonishing phenomena recounted in the Bible and the 10 plagues of Egypt. In this country of intense rains occurred because of aerosols while it is rare in this country. Then there were hailstorms, possibly caused by the ice accretion around the particles of the volcano. The sky would have been veiled by the ejected gas and ashes.

The last major eruptions are those of 726, 1650, 1926.

KIKAI :
There were about 6.300.years the Kikai had a strong eruption, one of the largest eruptions on Earth of the past 10.000 years. . About 150 km³ of ash were ejected. The volcanic explosion index of the eruption was 7. There were pyroclastic flows 100.km across the sea to southern Kyushu and ashes fell across Japan.

volcano is a caldera submersible with three small islands. Its diameter is about 19.km diameter. Submersible topography suggests the presence of a double structure collapse. This volcano has had three major eruptions.

The last major eruptions are those of 500 (VEI 3), -1090 ± 100 (VEI 2) and -6.300.ans (VEI.7).

LONG VALLEY :
The Long Valley is located at east of California at 3390 m altitude.

During the eruption there are 730 000 years, 600 km³ of tephra and 580 km³ of lava have been ejected. After this eruption the top of the magma chamber was collapsed creating the caldera of Long Valley of elliptical form (15km to 30km).

Other important eruptions occurred there are: 500.000, 300.000, and 100.000 years.

THE YELLOWSTONE :
The supervolcano is located to the west of the USA in Yellowstone National Park on almost 898.300 d'hectares (88.x.95.km).The caldera of supervolcano that spans a huge area of 75.x.45.km from Northeast to southwest across the Yellowstone is 8 km deep.

There are 2 millions, 1,60 millions and 640.000 years to near 100.000 years, it had an eruption among the most violent of the last millions years. Its eruption could be 1000 times more violent than that of Mount St. Helens is 50 times more than the most violent bomb. This volcano could be the cause of the glaciations Biber or Donau or the Gunz that took place during its eruptions. It explodes on average every 600.000 years.

This volcano has ejected 280 Km³, 1000 Km³ and 2500 Km³ of ashes on earth. Half of the USA have been covered by the ashes of which a layer of 1 m in Denvers at the last eruption.

If this volcano exploded lava would ejecte up to 24 km high ! The temperature would drop to 53,6°F (12°C) and snow would fall at the equator. It would plunge the world into a terrible glaciation.

The next eruption is expected in the next 100.000 years like the past three eruptions have had regular intervals of 600.000 ans. 50% of molten rock must be in the magma chamber before the eruption and there should be only 10%. But the volcano evolves and the ground has 1.m rise by around in 75 years if the current rate of expansion continues ! This is due to the magma chamber.