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THE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

2st PART

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IMPACTS OF VOLCANOES ON CLIMATE

HISTORICAL ERUPTIONS THAT HAVE THE MOST INFLUENCE ON THE CLIMATE

  • MEASURES OF THE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

It was not until the late twentieth century that measures were recorded on demonstrations of volcanoes on climate. Since 1980, three major eruptions occurred. NASA recorded data during the eruptions with some satellites OWNING the spectrometer TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) to monitor the progress of the cloud of volcanic aerosols and measure the amount emitted into the atmosphere.

Click here to see an animation of aerosols sent
into the atmosphere by the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991

 

The rejection of the sulfur dioxide
in the upper atmosphere after the
eruption of Pinatubo in 1991.

 

From mid-June 1991, the SAGE II instrument (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) on the ERBS satellite (Earth Radiation Budget Satellite) NASA launched in October 1984 monitored the overall long-term effects of the eruption of Pinatubo. When the volcano erupted, he has scattered immense amounts of aerosols in the upper atmosphere of the Earth that reacted with atmospheric chemicals across the globe.



the atmosphere was relatively
without aerosol before the eruption.


Just after the eruption, one can
see the enormous dispersion of
aerosols in the tropics.

Approximately three month after
the eruption it can be seen
the moving of aerosols

Volcanic aerosols tend to linger in
the atmosphere for many months
after the eruption of Pinatubo.

Click here to see an animation of aerosols Stratospheric of SAGE II for 1985-1997.

 

Click to enlarge the map of satellite data compiled by TOMS
(Total Ozone Spectrometer) an instrument for measuring
the gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted by volcanoes.

Average of the optical depth of stratospheric aerosols of 500 nm
according to the latitude of 1850 to the present. NOAA source


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