Some key features that make this possible are described by the links below.
Efficient calculation methods
Eigenvector prop/step/ramp functions for the core carbon and climate models.
Interaction between Modules and Panels
Only run modules / panels which are both needed for screen output, and have been changed by the user since the last calculation.
Data Compression
Historical / Scenario / Climate-pattern data is compressed to one-byte per number, thus minimising download time.
Whereas in JCM, the model and graphics are both written in the same language, and so interact much more smoothly and efficiently. Moreover, by giving people the tool (the model) rather than the product (the data), the scope is much wider, and the package size is kept to a minimum.